什么生成主子表代码
2025-03-30 22:05:44
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生成主子表代码通常用于数据库设计中,特别是当一个父表与多个子表之间存在一对多的关系时。典型的例子是订单(Order)和订单详情(OrderDetail)之间的关系,其中每个订单可以有多个订单详情。下面是一个使用Python和SQLAlchemy库来生成这种关系的示例代码。
首先,确保你已经安装了SQLAlchemy。如果没有安装,可以使用以下命令进行安装:
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pip install sqlalchemy
接下来,我们将创建一个简单的示例,展示如何使用SQLAlchemy生成主子表代码。
1. 导入必要的库
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from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Column, Integer, String, ForeignKey
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship, sessionmaker
2. 创建数据库引擎和基类
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DATABASE_URL = 'sqlite:///:memory:' # 这里我们使用内存数据库进行演示
engine = create_engine(DATABASE_URL)
Base = declarative_base()
3. 定义父表和子表模型
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class Order(Base):
__tablename__ = 'orders'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
order_number = Column(String)
details = relationship("OrderDetail", back_populates="order")
class OrderDetail(Base):
__tablename__ = 'order_details'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
product_name = Column(String)
quantity = Column(Integer)
order_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('orders.id'))
order = relationship("Order", back_populates="details")
4. 创建表结构
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Base.metadata.create_all(engine)
5. 使用Session进行操作
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Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
session = Session()
6. 插入数据示例
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order1 = Order(order_number="001")
detail1 = OrderDetail(product_name="Laptop", quantity=1, order=order1)
detail2 = OrderDetail(product_name="Mouse", quantity=2, order=order1)
session.add_all([order1, detail1, detail2])
session.commit()
7. 查询数据示例
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orders = session.query(Order).all()
for order in orders:
print(f"Order Number: {order.order_number}")
for detail in order.details:
print(f" Detail ID: {detail.id}, Product: {detail.product_name}, Quantity: {detail.quantity}")
完整代码
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from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Column, Integer, String, ForeignKey
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship, sessionmaker
DATABASE_URL = 'sqlite:///:memory:'
engine = create_engine(DATABASE_URL)
Base = declarative_base()
class Order(Base):
__tablename__ = 'orders'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
order_number = Column(String)
details = relationship("OrderDetail", back_populates="order")
class OrderDetail(Base):
__tablename__ = 'order_details'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
product_name = Column(String)
quantity = Column(Integer)
order_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('orders.id'))
order = relationship("Order", back_populates="details")
Base.metadata.create_all(engine)
Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
session = Session()
order1 = Order(order_number="001")
detail1 = OrderDetail(product_name="Laptop", quantity=1, order=order1)
detail2 = OrderDetail(product_name="Mouse", quantity=2, order=order1)
session.add_all([order1, detail1, detail2])
session.commit()
orders = session.query(Order).all()
for order in orders:
print(f"Order Number: {order.order_number}")
for detail in order.details:
print(f" Detail ID: {detail.id}, Product: {detail.product_name}, Quantity: {detail.quantity}")
通过以上步骤,你就成功地创建了一个包含主子表关系的示例代码。如果你有任何问题或需要进一步的解释,请随时告诉我!
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